home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text id=94TT0605>
- <title>
- May 09, 1994: Books:Knocking Away the Pigeons
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- May 09, 1994 Nelson Mandela
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ARTS & MEDIA/BOOKS, Page 82
- Following the Leaders
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Garry Wills explains how 16 great figures made an impact
- </p>
- <p>By John Elson
- </p>
- <p> Where have all our leaders gone? In Certain Trumpets (Simon
- & Schuster; 322 pages; $23), Pulitzer-prizewinning historian
- Garry Wills tries to answer that familiar question by posing
- some queries of his own. Where are the good followers? Wills
- asks. And where are the great issues and programs that unite
- leader and led in action? A leader without committed followers
- is an unheard voice in the wilderness. Followers without a leader
- who understands their needs are a mere mob. And without a timely,
- common cause, neither leader nor followers will affect history,
- for good or ill. Wills describes 16 people in 16 different fields,
- from Mary Baker Eddy (church) to Ross Perot (business), who
- have succeeded in directing followers to a common end. Each
- chapter includes a sketch of what Wills calls "antitypes"--that is, would-be leaders who for one reason or another failed
- to truly lead.
- </p>
- <p> Unsurprisingly, Wills' military exemplar is the young Napoleon
- Bonaparte, whose dazzling early victories were based on mobility
- and constant attack. His antitype is the dithering Union general
- George McClellan, who seldom met a battle he couldn't find reason
- to avoid. The paradigm for politics is George Washington, who
- orchestrated history's most successful transition from monarchy
- to republicanism. Washington's achievement, as Wills sees it,
- was to bring "legal rule out of the false dilemma posed in revolutionary
- times--either charisma or chaos." Wills' political antitype
- is Oliver Cromwell, who became as regal as Charles I, the Stuart
- king he dethroned and executed.
- </p>
- <p> To Wills the model of an artistic leader is Martha Graham, who
- invented a vocabulary for modern dance--"the one art form
- other than jazz," said choreographer Paul Taylor, who had been
- a member of her company, "that can be called truly American."
- The intriguing antitype is Madonna, who briefly studied with
- Graham's disciple Pearl Lang. The essential difference? Graham
- "not only performed a dance but preached an aesthetic," Wills
- argues. When Madonna performs, she merely entertains.
- </p>
- <p> Compared with such important works by Wills as Lincoln at Gettysburg
- or Nixon Agonistes, Certain Trumpets has an offhand quality;
- it resembles an actor's phoned-in performance. There are also
- moments when Wills strains mightily to make a case, notably
- in the chapter on Perot. Wills argues that Perot, who built
- Electronic Data Systems into a multibillion-dollar enterprise
- before peddling it to GM, improved on the theories of two corporate
- legends who made salesmanship a near science: John Henry Patterson
- of National Cash Register and Thomas Watson of IBM. Perhaps
- so, but even by Wills' narrow definition of business leadership--that it mostly has to do with selling--someone like Bill
- Gates of Microsoft, who had much more originality than Perot
- and built a much more important company, might have been a stronger
- example of the corporate leader par excellence.
- </p>
- <p> Despite such flaws, Certain Trumpets moves along perkily, if
- only because Wills is incapable of writing a really dull page.
- The author has a splendid ability to characterize his subjects.
- He reminds us, for example, that Washington was as accomplished
- an autodidact as Lincoln and that the famous portraits of the
- Father of our Country as an unsmiling, po-faced stuffed shirt
- do an injustice to someone whose contemporaries thought him
- the livest of wires, even in a room with the likes of Franklin
- and Jefferson.
- </p>
- <p> As the author suggests, picking leaders and their antitypes
- is a game that readers can play on their own after finishing
- the book. Let's see now. Suppose we choose basketball's retired
- superstar Michael Jordan as the epitome of a sports leader.
- Who could be the antitype? Well, why not Michael Jordan, struggling
- baseball minor leaguer?
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-